Non-state actor persecution reports analyse harm by criminal gangs, terrorist organisations, family members, and community groups where the state is unable or unwilling to provide effective protection under Article 6 of the Qualification Directive.
Experts assess both whether non-state conduct reaches the persecution threshold and whether the persecution is for a Refugee Convention reason. MOJ (Somalia) [2014] methodology applies to state protection analysis.
Reports address profile-specific risk, documented targeting patterns, and whether state protection mechanisms exist, are adequate, and are accessible to the appellant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can non-state actors constitute persecutors?
Yes, where the state is unable or unwilling to provide effective protection. Experts assess severity of harm and genuine state protection failures for the specific appellant profile.
What is the Convention reason requirement?
Non-state persecution must be connected to race, religion, nationality, PSG, or political opinion. Experts analyse whether the targeting engages a Convention ground.